| Out Skerries | |
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| Location | |
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Out Skerries
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| Out Skerries shown within the Shetland Islands | |
| OS grid reference | HU681718 |
| Area and summit | |
| Area | 400 hectares (990 acres)[1] |
| Highest elevation | Bruray Wart 43 metres (141 ft)[2] |
| Population | |
| Population | 76[3] |
| Groupings | |
| Island group | Shetland |
| Local Authority | Shetland Islands Council |
| If shown, area and population ranks are for all Scottish islands and all inhabited Scottish islands respectively. Population data is from 2001 census. | |
The Out Skerries are an archipelago in Shetland, Scotland,[4] lying to the east of the main Shetland Island group. Locally, they are usually called Da Skerries or just Skerries.[5]
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The Out Skerries lie about four miles north east of Whalsay and Bound Skerry forms the easternmost part of Scotland, lying 320 kilometres (200 mi) from Norway. The main islands are Housay, Bruray and Grunay.
A large number of islets and stacks surround the main group. These include the Hevda Skerries and Wether Holm to the north, the Holm to the south and Lamba Stack and Flat Lamba Stack to the east. Stoura Stack and the Hogg are to the south of Grunay. Bound Skerry, which has a lighthouse, is flanked by Little Bound Skerry and Horn Skerry.
Beyond Mio Ness at the south west tip of Housay are North and South Benelip and the Easter Skerries, as well as Filla, Short & Long Guen (the Guens), Bilia Skerry, and Swaba Stack. In an isolated group between the main Out Skerries and the Mainland, are Little Skerry and the Vongs, and Muckle Skerry is another outlier lying further north.
Most of the Skerries placenames have a Norse origin. The "Out" name derives from one or both of two Old Norse words. Austr means "east" and may have been used to distinguish Out Skerries from Ve Skerries or "west skerries", and utsker means "outer".[6] "Skerry" is from the Old Norse sker and refers to a small rocky island or a rocky reef.
Housay is from the Old Norse Húsey meaning "horse island"[7] although this name is now little used by locals, who prefer "West Isle".[8] Bruray may be from the Norse brú and mean "bridge island" due to its position between West Isle and Grunay, the latter meaning simply "green island". The derivation of Bound Skerry is more problematic but may be from bønn, meaning "forerunner", a reference to this being the first land a ship encounters en route to Shetland from Bergen.[9]
There is evidence of Neolithic inhabitation including two house sites at Queyness.[10] The Battle Pund is a 13 metres (43 ft) across rectangle marked out by boulders dating from the Bronze Age. It is similar to a structure at Hjaltadans in Fetlar, but its purpose is unknown.[11]
There is a massive ruined structure on the north shore of Grunay known locally as "the broch" although it is not known if it dates from the Iron Age, when such structures were built throughout the far north of Scotland. The name "Benelips" possibly originating from the Old Norse bon meaning "to pray" hints at the existence of an early Christian hermitage on these remote islets.[12]
Dey (1991) speculates that the folklore of the troll-like trows, and perhaps that of the selkie may be based in part on the Norse invasions of the Northern Isles. She states that the conquest by the Vikings sent the indigenous, dark-haired Picts into hiding and that "many stories exist in Shetland of these strange people, smaller and darker than the tall, blond Vikings who, having been driven off their land into sea caves, emerged at night to steal from the new land owners." The skerry of Trollsholm and its cleft of Trolli Geo indicate the presence of this folklore on Out Skerries.[13]
The Out Skerries have been permanently inhabited from the Norse period onwards.[4]
There are a number of shipwrecks around the islands include the Dutch vessels Kemmerland (1664) and De Leifde (1711); and North Wind (1906), which was carrying wood which was salvaged and used by the islanders for their houses.[4][14] Some of the gold from these wrecks was found in 1960.[15]
Due to their remote and rugged nature, the islanders were accused of smuggling and wrecking.[15] Tammy Tyrie's Hidey Hol was used by islanders to avoid press gangs.[15]
Until the early 20th century, a lot of haaf fishing was conducted from sixareens.[16]
Being so close to Norway, the islands were of strategic importance in World War II and were a regular landfall for Norwegian boats carrying escapees from the Nazi occupation. The local coastguard were responsible for the refugees and at one point during the war were issued with a tommy gun, although initially no-one knew how to use it. German planes frequently flew over at low altitudes, machine gunning the Grunay lighthouse shore station in 1941 and dropping a bomb in 1942. The latter attack killed Mary Anderson, the only local casualty of the war and Grunay was evacuated shortly thereafter.[17] A month later a Canadian bomber crashed on Grunay and in 1990, a plaque was raised to commemorate this event.[18][Note 1] During the war an official letter was sent in secret to the local sub-postmistress with instructions that it be opened in the event of a German invasion. After the war it was returned, unopened.[19]
The population of the Out Skerries is 76, and lives entirely on Housay and Bruray, which are linked by a bridge. The population is around half what it was in the mid-19th century.[4]
The soil in the islands is thin and infertile, but is heaped into riggs, for better cultivation of potatoes, carrots and swedes.[14] Sheep farming still occurs, but is far less important than it once was.[14] Tourism on the other hand has increased.[14]
The islands have a primary and secondary school, two shops, a fish processing factory, an airstrip, and a church, and a police station. The secondary school is the smallest in the UK; in 2010 the school had only three pupils. The main industry on the islands is fishing. There is a church on Housay.[4]
There is little peat on the Out Skerries, so the residents have been granted rights to cut it on Whalsay.[7]
The Skerries Bridge, which links Bruray to Housay was built in 1957, replacing the first bridge built in 1899.[7]
There is around a mile of road, along which most of the population lives.[4]
There is a ferry to the islands from Vidlin and Lerwick.[4]
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